Second Language Learning. Application Of Language Strategies In School Thesis

Second Language Learning. Application Of Language Strategies In School - Thesis Example Twelve percent represents the number of children that need special care and attention. Numerous studies indicate that a good number of English language learners are represented in special schools. Other states show that there are over fourth percent of these students in special schools. Other studies have indicated that, in other states they represented by only one percent. An English learner consists of many different children of different age groups. These students have different stages of acquiring English language. Most of the states have established different programs that are used to educate the English learners. Some of the programs are; English as a second language. In this program, emphasis has been put on learning and using English in the classroom setting. The students may be placed in class as English second language learners. The second program is bilingual transitional, here second language students are allowed to use native language in learning English as a second lang uage. Development bilingual education is the third program. In this program the students’ native language is developed as well as English language. The English language learners have a right to acquiring English as a second language, and they need support from teachers to acquire the English language effectively. The term student with limited English proficiency is used by the federal government and state laws or English language learners or English learners to describe the English second language learners. These terms are used because they give focus on what the students are achieving. English language learners refer to the group of students whose native language is not English, and are not in a position to take part in the learning process using English. Second language learning or acquisitions refers to the process whereby a child or an individual learn a second language in this case English normally abbreviated SL. The second language learners acquire English language fol lowing similar stage, but the rate at which a child stays in a given stage depends on the individual different of the learners. The stages of acquiring language are one the pre-production stage where the learners keep on repeating what the teacher says, two early production stage, in this stage the students develops vocabulary and speak. Stage three the learners have developed vocabulary up to 3000 words, and can communicate with simple phrases and simple sentences that may not be grammatically correct. Stage four is the intermediate fluency at this stage the students are in a position to a position to use complex words and construct complex sentences. They have also developed more than 6000 vocabulary. Lastly the fifth stage, the students at this stage are near fluency and can speak like the native speakers, and it takes them four to five years to get to this stage. Some researches have indicated the use of language strategies to teach English language learners to produce positive effects among these students. This notion has brought lots of interest in investigating the effects of using language strategies in teaching English language learners. Learning strategies depend on the individual language leaner and the instructional procedures employed by the teachers during the teaching learning process. This paper presents effective language strategies for special education English language learners. It is often thought the bilingual children growing in English speaking countries live in two different worlds. These are; English language culture and their home language culture. This make the student face problems while learning English as their second language. Some of the bilingual chi

Disaster planning utilizing informatics Assignment

Disaster planning utilizing informatics - Assignment Example Most often the poorest are greatly affected by the disaster. This is the case many nations. But the developments in the field of information technology make things different. We can expect any kinds of disasters any where in the world at anytime in any forms. So there is no matter of doubt about the disaster, natural or man made. We should prepare for to manage the disaster. We have enough facilities to manage and save the life. The communication system of today is efficient, powerful and fast. We can use the communication systems telephone, radio, video, fax, television and other technological devices to communicate to the people who are in the area of disaster in advance. (http://practicalaction.org/disaster-reduction?utm_source=S000&utm_medium=PPC&utm_campaign=C10105&gclid=CIng24eEvKUCFYIa6wodwisfYw) By passing information about disaster in advance, the people in the area of disaster can saved. Do not think that we can understand all about disaster in advance. The facility of science and technology of today will help us to understand the disaster in advance in some extent. So people can move safe area. The role of informatics is very valuable and in pre-disaster time and post disaster time. As we know that the natural disasters very terrible and frightening. We have no control over them. So the role of informatics and modern information technology is very weak and not at all efficient. ( Craig H. Llewellyn) Science and information technology will become silent when these kinds of crucial and terrible natural disasters arrive. Informatics can perform its valuable role in health care and medical field in somewhat great extent. But its role in disaster planning has many limitations. Even though it has limitations, it is unavoidable in disaster planning. It overcomes its all limitations by certain advantages. We must hope more developments in informatics in the field of disaster

Mind the Gap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mind the Gap - Essay Example Table of contents Abstract 1. Introduction 2. ‘The Small and Medium- sized Enterprises’ 3. Financial crisis on SMEs’ capital structure 4. Sovereign debt crisis which affects the bank’s credit standards, credit margin, and funding conditions 5. Regulatory changes on policies that deal with bank lending activities 6. â€Å"The Federation of small Businesses† 7. Recommendation 1) Introduction â€Å"The Small and Medium- sized Enterprises† abbreviated as SMEs is defined by the European Commission as â€Å"an enterprise employing not more than 250 employees; having an annual turnover of not more than â‚ ¬50m and balance sheet assets of â‚ ¬43m; and that has less than 25 per cent of its capital.† However, SMEs are defined using three concepts and they include small, local, and single. They are small in nature when considering the number of employees, capital and assets, and turnover. They are also owned by a single owner who could only be the sole employee. SMEs are also local in nature because their markets are usually based on local areas or places of residence (Fielden, 2003). In the European Union, Small and Medium- sized Enterprises faces a number of issues in term of financing. These issues include effects of financial crisis on SMEs’ capital structure; the sovereign debt crisis impacts on bank’s credit standards, credit margin, and funding conditions; and the effects caused by comprehensive regulatory changes on policies dealing with bank lending activities. However, â€Å"The Federation of small Businesses† abbreviated as FSB, has come to rescue these SMEs by representing them in the issues for financial market (Ministry of defence, 2013). Its functions revolve around practices dealing with financial lending â€Å"of the small and medium-sized Enterprises.† 2) â€Å"The Small and Medium- sized Enterprises† The SMEs have been recognized as the key contributors of the econo my in the European Union, due to the way they have changed the union into a market oriented economy. Currently, statistics shows that 96% of the registered firms are recognized â€Å"as small and medium sized firms,† with SMEs accounting for approximately 82%. These small businesses actively contribute to 25% of the annual Global Domestic Product of the European Union (Villa, 2011). Despite their great contribution, SMEs are faced with financial crisis, cause by various factors hence affecting the capital structure. The financial sector within the European Union is characterized by a system based bank where SOCBs or state owned commercial banks play an important role. SOCBs provide 78 % of the overall loans in the economy, with half of its credits being channeled into SOEs. This, therefore, makes it difficult â€Å"for the small and medium size enterprises† to access bank loans. 3) Financial crisis on SMEs’ capital structure However, there are a number of factor s which leads to financial crisis that affects the SMEs capital structure. The first one is firm growth. It is suggested that firm’s growth is relatively negative to its capital structure. A SMEs’ information asymmetry may demand an extra premium for it to raise external funds, despite the true

Manufacturing process of concrete Research Paper

Manufacturing process of concrete - Research Paper Example Earlier clay was also used as bonding material to prepare the concrete by the Assyrians and Babylonian. The Egyptians introduced the use of lime and gypsum cement to make concrete. In 1756, the first modern concrete was invented by the British engineer John Smeaton. He used pebbles as coarse aggregate substances and mixing powered bricks in to the cement for the formation of concrete. In 1984, English inventor by Joseph Aspdin first time made the Portland cement that still play major role in the composition of modern day concrete. It is believed that the invention of Portland cement is the first and major landmark achieved in the history of modern concrete because it was the first true artificial cement produced by burning of limestone and clay together (Stella, 1996). Due to burning some chemical changes occurred in the properties of limestone and clay and their combination become stronger cement as compared with that produced with the plain crushed limestone. Along with cement aggr egates are also used in the composition of concrete like sand, crushed stones, slag and ashes etc. Along with time several new materials were added as aggregate to bring variations in concrete. For instance, the reinforced concrete or Ferro-concrete was introduced in which metal like steel is imbedded. This concrete was invented in 1849 by a Parisian gardener Joseph Moneir. He made several garden pots and tubs with the concrete in which he used meshed iron as aggregate. His invention was exhibit in 1867 in Paris Exposition in which he not only show the use of reinforced concrete for making tubs and pots but also for the construction of railways, pipes, bridges and arches (Robert and Hutchinson, 1999). The invention o f the reinforced concrete was another important... After mixing the material is transported to the site where the concrete is placed and compacted. This process occurs just after the mixing process in order to avoid the separation of any ingredient from the mixture and to prevent the entrance of air bubbles into the mixture. An internal or external vibrator is used for compacting of the concrete or it is also done with the help of vibrating tables in which there are two shafts rotating in opposite directions for creating vertical vibration.   After placement, the concrete is cured so that it could be prevented from drying too fast (Neville and Brooks, 1987). The moisture level at the time of hardening of the concrete determines the durability and strength of the concrete. When the concrete dries it decreases in size because the cement solidifies and reduces the size of the concrete. The concrete becomes week if the concrete is prevented from contracting and tensile stresses also develop in the concrete so the concrete is kept damp for several days when it is set for hardening. After curing the necessary quality assurance checks and tests are conducted using quality assurance charts and other tools that assure the strength of the concrete before it is used for the construction purpose (Lancaster, 2005).   Properties of concreteThe concrete could be examined according to its properties including strength, elasticity, tension and shrinkage cracking and expansion and shrinkage.   The simple tensile strength of concrete is usually around 10-15 percent.

Entrepreneurship College Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Entrepreneurship College - Case Study Example Here, it is the ability to recognize which bit of information/ event/ transaction, though on the face of it appearing routine, is significant for developing leads to produce a fresh product. The research process here is not about collecting data through lengthy or formalized processes, but more about using the data creatively-to predict; and to be able to see what the customer will need, before the customer knows it himself. (p4) The techniques have therefore to be flexible, going hand in hand with the actual production process, enabling the company to add pictures, or junk obsolete product, quickly. The company's research techniques are inherent in their lean structure (forty employees, headed by Jerry and his wife), and Jerry's creative, hands-on approach. (p3) Therefore, research here is not necessarily separate from production. The ability of production personnel to envision what kind of pictures is needed, in future, is an inherent part of the research of such a company. It is likely that there may not be much formal demarcation between research and production, which is evident from the fact that Jerry himself participates in the process of conducting photo shoots. Being the first to do it, has always been an essential part of Jerry's, and therefore, Stockbyte's, entrepreneurial philosophy. For instance, they were the first to seek venture capital assistance in Ireland, the first "significant European publisher" of royalty free stock photography, as well as the first in Ireland to offer downloadable e-commerce by way of virtual CD's (p6) Relying on his gut feeling, and striding boldly into a new venture, backed by his own past background of working in his family's photography unit had helped Jerry to move forward successfully. Apart from this, the company's explicitly stated entrepreneurial objectives, which include the whole organization in its sweep, sets down commendable objectives like exceeding expectations, being "passionately creative" crafting "relevant images", "leveraging the best technologies", and even one enjoining one to "enjoy the ride"(p7) clearly are motivating and entrepreneurial strategies, needed to keep ahead in a competit ive industry. The company has always enjoyed the benefits of the first comer, avoiding the rush, and therefore being able to build up clientele, before the field became crowded. And, being flexible, adaptable, and quick to notice new opportunities, they have succeeded by being equally quick in dumping ideas that no longer worked. Jerry's ability to work with a relatively small team has ensured that they responded quickly to the demands of a market. It is not clear, however, whether Jerry has grown an effective second line of management-most likely not-to handle any contingency that could affect his personal functioning: bad health, for instance. The question is how long can a company, which is driven by a single person, withstand competition from giants, and continue to resist a sell-out How long would it be possible for Jerry to be personally there to deal with crises-it could be a mudslide in Asia today, something else

Reflective practice journal Food and physical exercise Article

Reflective practice journal Food and physical exercise - Article Example This analysis of the articles enables individuals to increase their understanding on how children perceive movement and therefore there are suggestions for policies and changes in the environment to increase freedom of movement. They also show that a thin subsidy on ASBs and a fat tax in SSBs will have beneficial results on reduction of obesity rates in children therefore increasing the cost of good decreases consumption and enables one to maximise utility (Andreyeva et al. 2010). I personally think that the above articles advocates the need for physical exercise, eating nutritional foods and the introduction of policies for example raising taxes on fatty foods and the introduction of healthy eating guidelines in South Australian schools as a way of curbing obesity. The policies can be implemented by ensuring that there is good media campaigns and behavioural modification. Individuals should appreciate changes in lifestyle and have positive attitude in achieving changes in healthy eating and healthy weight this generates confidence. I therefore think that as individuals we should concentrate avoiding risk factors such as poor nutrition, unhealthy weight and physical inactivity (Drewnowski & Darmon

Corporate social responsibility influence consumers behavior Dissertation

Corporate social responsibility influence consumers behavior - Dissertation Example The presentation and discussions of variables that were collected by use of the questionnaire are therefore undertaken below. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION General Information Gender of Respondents From the responses that were received, it was found upon sorting of responses according to the gender or sex of respondents that forty three (43) of the respondents were females whereas eight (8) respondents were males. From the data, it can be said that there was an apathy on the side of the males when it comes to responding to customer behavior related questions as the ratio of males to females is more than 1:5. In relation to the literature reviewed, it can be said that there are more females who are more enthused about keeping a specific shopping (customer) behavior as compared to males. Age of Respondents Two major categorizations were provided for respondents to choose from in terms of their ages. From the coding that was done, it was realized that a specified pattern as shown in the age gr oupings of respondent. From the responses, it can be noted that there were more respondents within the age group of 18 to 24, which had as many as 43 call ups as compared to those aged 25 to 34 within just 8 call ups. This trend could actually suggest that M&A has more young customers as compared to older customers. Among other reasons, the fact that most products and services offered by the company are highly oriented for tertiary education students who often fall in the age group of 18 to 24 (Burke et al, 2006). Employment Status of Respondents Respondents were asked to indicate as part of the general and demographic information, their employment status. The responses that were sampled have been presented in the table below. Employment Status Number of Respondents Percentage Part time student 1 1.86 Full time student 45 83.3 Unemployed 3 5.56 Part time employed 2 3.702 Full time employed 3 5.56 Retired 0 0 Total 54 100 From the table, it can be seen that as many as 83.3% of the re spondents were full time students. This is a direct confirmation of literature that M&S is more popular among tertiary education students because of the line of products and services that the company offers. Other contributing factors to this are the strategic location of shops undertaken by M&A in various university campuses as a marketing strategy (Weber, 2010). 5.56% each were unemployed and full time employed workers whiles 3.7% were part time employed workers. There was 1.86% part time student with no retiree answering to the questionnaire. Average income of respondents A range was set for the average annual earning or income of respondents. The range was given ?10,000 interval and responses from participants is represented below. Annual income Number of Respondents Percentage 0 to 10,000 45 88.24 10,001 to 20,000 3 5.88 20,001 to 30,000 3 5.88 30,001 to 40,000 0 0 Over 40,000 0 0 Retired 0 0 Total 51 100 The table shows that greater percentage of respondents too an annual sala ry of ?10,000 or less. Their percentile is given as 88.24 whereas those who took more than ?10,000 but less than ?20,000 had a percentage representation of 5.88%. The same percentage was recorded for those taking between ?20,000 and ?30,000. Based on literature that shopping activities are common among people who make average minimum wage